Rumana Khan: "There is a growing crisis with climate-related disasters"
Rumana says the intensity and frequency of the floods have increased in recent years and it’s creating greater vulnerabilities for women and girls. “The impact that it has on the lives of the people is significant,” she says. “Besides tropical cyclones we get tidal surges and that also adds to the number of displacements.”
Rumana says the back-to-back disasters and displacement makes it harder for communities in Bangladesh to recover, especially women, girls and the marginalised groups. “A large proportion of the population is still below the poverty line, and recurring disasters reduce their ability to safeguard themselves or even to recover from the impact."
With a population of 166.3 million and floods becoming more severe, disasters can wipe out livelihoods and leave communities at risk. Particularly women, girls, and third gender individuals are vulnerable and with an intersectional approach among these vulnerable groups, the impact of disasters on their lives is even higher.
Rumana says the clusters create a culture of collaboration and improved efficiency in the responses. This has led to the development of a system of anticipatory action. The idea is that humanitarians act even before the disaster hits.
Using a forecast data model of how much rainfall will lead to floods, the system is designed to distribute supplies and prepare for service delivery before the bridges and roads get washed out. Weather models are used to trigger activation of the anticipatory action and partners go into action before the floods hit. “Once the anticipatory action system is activated, partners need to complete their actions within five days before the water comes down and floods the areas at risk,” she says.
The idea is to ensure communities are supported with adequate risk mitigation measures. “We provide support so they are able to survive the flood better,” she says. “It reduces the need for response and is also more cost effective. Anticipatory action is also seen as a more dignified rights-based approach."
dignified rights-based approach."
“Floods are recurring incidents,” she says. “We have a good record of these incidents happening so we can anticipate when the flood will happen in these communities.”
Supporting partners and the local government organizations who are living in the community is essential, because their lives are affected. “These are small organizations” she says. “Most of them are women-led organizations and they are often underfunded.”
These partner organizations sometimes do not have safety items for themselves or supplies to reach the target population. “Women are usually front-liners,” she says. “Because our partners are women, they are able to reach those women and girls in affected populations. During a flood this becomes a challenge for them so we try to reduce the risk.”
Rumana says they are trying to build the capacity of community volunteers so they can take mitigation measures on their own. Over the past decade, Rumana has seen real progress in the way Bangladesh handles disasters. “Disaster management in Bangladesh has had a lot of success in terms of saving lives and reducing mortalities during cyclones and this has been possible because of successful early warning and evacuation to shelters.”
The national Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) coordinates community volunteers who play a crucial role in sharing early warning messages and evacuations to shelters. There are also systems in place to provide life-saving assistance of food and water in the shelter.
While early warning and evacuations are well advanced, Rumana says protection against gender-based violence in an emergency is a relatively new aspect among humanitarians addressing climate-related disasters in Bangladesh. She leads a national GBV sub-cluster that builds capacity in gender-based violence in emergencies, ensures quality and standardization of efforts during disasters and shares data with partners to improve future responses.
“It has only been a few years that we really started thinking of gender-based violence in an emergency, and particularly in the context of flood, cyclone etc,” she says. “Sadly many people are still complacent about it.”
Gender-based violence in emergencies is inadequately addressed in the disaster management policies in Bangladesh. However, the sub cluster and its efforts to the ‘Minimum Standards for Prevention and Response to Gender-based Violence in Emergencies’ in strengthening the capacity of local NGOs and government are reasons for hope.
During the pandemic, Rumana and partners have sought to improve digital services to maintain support for communities by increasing discussions on key issues including mental health. “We have boosted the virtual support through phone services like the hotline,” she says. “Women and girls can call up to ask for advice on sexual reproductive health, gender-based violence or get support for mental health.”
Despite many innovations in humanitarian work like digital connectivity and anticipatory action, gender inequality remains a challenge in Bangladesh. “This is a very male-dominated industry where you see very few women in decision-making roles. This narrative of gender imbalance must change.”
This gender imbalance motivates Rumana to stay in the field of humanitarian response. She says she is “keeping the space” for women.
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Minimum Standards for Prevention and Response to Gender-based Violence in Emergencies
Rumana Khan is the Gender-Based Violence sub cluster coordinator with UNFPA in Bangladesh. She works in emergencies in one of the most flood-prone countries in the world and is part of a community of humanitarians who are innovating to anticipate the needs of the most vulnerable and support them during climate disasters.