Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) snow update 2025

The HKH Snow Update 2025 highlights a significant decline in seasonal snow across the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, with snow persistence 23.6% below normal — the lowest in 23 years. This trend, now in its third consecutive year, threatens water security for nearly two billion people. All twelve major river basins, including the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra, experienced below-average snow cover, with the Mekong and Salween basins losing over 50%.

The report warns of potential lower river flows, increased groundwater reliance, and heightened drought risk, urging improved water management, stronger drought preparedness, better early warning systems, and regional cooperation. Long-term resilience requires science-led policies and investments in water storage and efficient meltwater use. In light of these findings, the report urges swift action: improved water management, stronger drought preparedness, better early warning systems, and greater regional cooperation. It emphasises that long-term resilience will depend on adopting science-led, forward-looking policies, and investing in seasonal water storage, efficient use of meltwater, and integrated water management strategies.