Compound flooding in Halmstad: common causes, interannual variability and the effects of climate change

This study investigated compound flooding in Halmstad using a very comprehensive dataset of regional climate projections including hydrological, meteorological and oceanographic variables. The highest sea level ever recorded in Sweden was recorded by the Halmstad tide gauge.

The authors find river discharge and sea level extremes to have very similar seasonality, with peaks during the cold part of the year and low values in the summer. The seasonality of precipitation is more or less the opposite. From a Swedish perspective the seasonality of the river discharge stands out. Most rivers have a later peak, a defined spring flood driven by snow snowmelt.