Foodborne microbial hazards include (but are not limited to) pathogenic bacteria, viruses, algae, protozoa, fungi, parasites, prions, toxins and other harmful metabolites of microbial origin (FAO and WHO, 2007).
A human enteric virus is a virus that replicates in the gastro-intestinal tract or in the liver and is excreted in faeces and/or vomitus from humans. It is transmitted mainly by the faecal-oral route and is infectious to humans (FAO and WHO, 2012).
A foodborne parasite is any parasite that can be transmitted to humans by ingesting food (FAO and WHO, 2016).