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Pesticide means any substance, or mixture of substances of chemical or biological ingredients intended for repelling, destroying or controlling any pest, or regulating plant growth. Pesticides are inherently toxic, and among them, a small number of Highly Hazardous Pesticides, cause disproportionate harm to the environment and human health. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines on Highly Hazardous pesticides (UNEP, 2021) adopted the following definition:

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Pesticide residue means any specified substance in food, agricultural commodities, or animal feed resulting from the use of a pesticide. The term includes any derivatives of a pesticide, such as conversion products, metabolites, reaction products, and impurities considered to be of toxicological significance (FAO and WHO, no date, 2019).
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Insecticides are chemicals used to control insects by killing them (CDC, 2019).
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Fungicides are chemicals that kill or slow the growth of fungi and their spores. They can be used on plants or other surfaces where mould or mildew grow (CDC, 2019).

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