GAR 2015 Main Report

124

Part II - Chapter 6

In India, the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), constituted under the Disaster Management Act of 2005, bears national responsibility for human resource development, capacity building, training, and policy advocacy in the field of disaster risk management. Under this mandate, the Institute delivers a basic online course on comprehensive disaster risk management as well as specialized courses on community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR), climate change and disaster risk, earthquake risk management, safer cities, and gender aspects of disaster recovery and reconstruction (NIDM, 2013

NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2013,Annual Report 2012-2013, Compiled and edited by Anil K. Gupter. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. .

). The NIDM has also published numerous online training manuals, including a step-by-step guide to the development of village disaster management plans (NIDM, 2012a

NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2012a,Village Disaster Management Plan, Authored by Ajinder Walia and Sushma Guleria. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. .

), train-the-trainer modules on flood risk mitigation and management (NIDM, 2012b

NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2012b,Flood Risk Mitigation and Management: A Training of Trainers (TOT) Module, Authored by Dev Ashutosh, PhD. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. .

) and on urban risk mitigation (NIDM, 2014

NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2014,Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation, Authored by Chandrani Bandyopadhyay. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. .

), and a manual on psychosocial care in disasters (Satapathy and Subhasis, 2009

Satapathy, Sujata and Bhadra Subhasis. 2009,Disaster Psychosocial and Mental Health Support in South & South-East Asian Countries: A Synthesis, Journal of South Asia Disaster Studies, Vol. 2, No.1 (June).. .

In some countries, local structures for disaster risk reduction have been set up in parallel to local government, further undermining the effectiveness of both. And while the arrangements for disaster risk governance in many countries echo the HFA by explicitly calling for community involvement, most of the progress in community-based or local-level disaster risk reduction has been restricted to specific short-term projects or programmes, often supported by non-governmental organizations. Community and local-level disaster risk management has perhaps become another hyper-reality: it appears to have become mainstream and ubiquitous at all levels, while in reality community empowerment has been more symbolic than real (Maskrey, 2011

Maskrey, Andrew. 2011,Revisiting community-based disaster risk management, Environmental Hazards, Vol. 10, Issue 1: 42-52.. .

6.5 Weak regulatory capacity

Effective regulation and dedicated investments in corrective disaster risk management have enabled many high-income countries to reduce their disaster risk. However, many low and middle-income countries lack the necessary regulatory quality for norms and standards to be applied effectively.

The HFA Monitor also points to continued progress in the adoption of norms, standards and codes in areas such as land-use planning, building and environment.

In higher-income countries, laws, norms, standardsandregulationcanbe(andhavebeen)effective mechanisms for disaster risk management because of factors such as strong institutional frameworks, mechanisms for accountability and redress, free flows of information and a general culture of compliance (IFRC and UNDP, 2014

IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2014,Effective law and regulation for disaster risk reduction: a multi-country report, New York.. .

). The successful application of voluntary standards in particular requires a trusted certification process ( GAR 13 paper

UNECE, 2014

UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). 2014,Standards and Normative Mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

The combination of effective regulation and major investments in corrective disaster risk management has enabled many high-income countries to successfully reduce their more

Box 6.2 India’s investment in capacity building

	124 Part II - Chapter 6 In India, the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM), constituted under the Disaster Management Act of 2005, bears national responsibility for human resource development, capacity building, training, and policy advocacy in the field of disaster risk management. Under this mandate, the Institute delivers a basic online course on comprehensive disaster risk management as well as specialized courses on community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR), climate change and disaster risk, earthquake risk management, safer cities, and gender aspects of disaster recovery and reconstruction (NIDM, 2013 x NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2013,Annual Report 2012-2013, Compiled and edited by Anil K. Gupter. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. . ). The NIDM has also published numerous online training manuals, including a step-by-step guide to the development of village disaster management plans (NIDM, 2012a x NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2012a,Village Disaster Management Plan, Authored by Ajinder Walia and Sushma Guleria. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. . ), train-the-trainer modules on flood risk mitigation and management (NIDM, 2012b x NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2012b,Flood Risk Mitigation and Management: A Training of Trainers (TOT) Module, Authored by Dev Ashutosh, PhD. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. . ) and on urban risk mitigation (NIDM, 2014 x NIDM (National Institute of Disaster Management). 2014,Training Module on Urban Risk Mitigation, Authored by Chandrani Bandyopadhyay. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.. . ), and a manual on psychosocial care in disasters (Satapathy and Subhasis, 2009 x Satapathy, Sujata and Bhadra Subhasis. 2009,Disaster Psychosocial and Mental Health Support in South & South-East Asian Countries: A Synthesis, Journal of South Asia Disaster Studies, Vol. 2, No.1 (June).. . ). In some countries, local structures for disaster risk reduction have been set up in parallel to local government, further undermining the effectiveness of both. And while the arrangements for disaster risk governance in many countries echo the HFA by explicitly calling for community involvement, most of the progress in community-based or local-level disaster risk reduction has been restricted to specific short-term projects or programmes, often supported by non-governmental organizations. Community and local-level disaster risk management has perhaps become another hyper-reality: it appears to have become mainstream and ubiquitous at all levels, while in reality community empowerment has been more symbolic than real (Maskrey, 2011 x Maskrey, Andrew. 2011,Revisiting community-based disaster risk management, Environmental Hazards, Vol. 10, Issue 1: 42-52.. . ). 6.5 Weak regulatory capacity Effective regulation and dedicated investments in corrective disaster risk management have enabled many high-income countries to reduce their disaster risk. However, many low and middle-income countries lack the necessary regulatory quality for norms and standards to be applied effectively. The HFA Monitor also points to continued progress in the adoption of norms, standards and codes in areas such as land-use planning, building and environment. In higher-income countries, laws, norms, standardsandregulationcanbe(andhavebeen)effective mechanisms for disaster risk management because of factors such as strong institutional frameworks, mechanisms for accountability and redress, free flows of information and a general culture of compliance (IFRC and UNDP, 2014 x IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2014,Effective law and regulation for disaster risk reduction: a multi-country report, New York.. . ). The successful application of voluntary standards in particular requires a trusted certification process (UNECE, 2014 x UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe). 2014,Standards and Normative Mechanisms for Disaster Risk Management, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). The combination of effective regulation and major investments in corrective disaster risk management has enabled many high-income countries to successfully reduce their more Box 6.2 India’s investment in capacity building	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 114 Page 115 Page 116 Page 117 Page 118 Page 119 Page 120 Page 121 Page 122 Page 123 Page 124 Page 125 ->Page 126 Page 127 Page 128 Page 129 Page 130 Page 131 Page 132 Page 133 Page 134 Page 135 Page 136 Page 137 Page 138 Page 140 Page 150 Page 160 Page 170 Page 180 Page 190 Page 200 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310