GAR 2015 Main Report

163

a strong political imperative. As noted in GAR11, electorally critical, hazard-prone states are twice as likely to have disasters officially declared than non-critical states, and for each disaster declaration, a US President can expect a one-point increase in votes in a statewide contest (Reeves, 2010

Reeves, Andrew. 2010,Political Disaster: Unilateral Powers, Electoral Incentives, and Presidential Disaster Declarations, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 73. No. 4 (October): 1142-1151.. .

). Conversely, the disastrous response to Hurricane Katrina generated negative political fallout for the city, state and federal administrations at the time.

At the same time, preparedness represents a relatively natural and organic evolution from emergency response. With its focus on contingency plans and evacuation drills, logistics and stockpiles, trained and positioned search and rescue teams, hard-hats and uniforms, it is an extension of emergency response into the pre-disaster phase of the disaster management cycle. Preparedness is both manageable and feasible with the kind of governance arrangements that evolved from emergency management.

Unlike corrective disaster risk management, preparedness does not require major investments.

The resources required to prepare contingency plans, to train staff and students and to organize evacuation drills in the case of earthquake-exposedschools,forexample,areinfinitely smaller than what would be required to structurally retrofit the school to make it safe. Similarly, preparedness does not require the same investment of political capital as prospective disaster risk management, which would include ensuring safe, well-located land to build future schools.

At the same time, and as noted above, preparedness was not only integrated into the HFA and its predecessor frameworks for disaster risk reduction, it was also supported by another set of international mechanisms created through UN General Assembly resolution 46/182. In general, these mechanisms have enjoyed stronger and more stable funding and support from donor governments than the more prospective aspects of the HFA.

Importantly, the priority given to disaster preparedness builds on periodic and well-publicized

Box 8.7 Community-based early warning and preparedness

Every year, Viet Nam experiences storms, floods and other hazards which give rise to annual economic losses equivalent to 1-1.5 per cent of GDP (GFDRR, 2013b

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013b,Building Resilient Communities in Vietnam, Project Highlights. GFDRR. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. .

; Nguyen, 2011

Nguyen, Thi Puch Hoa. 2011,Disaster Risk Reduction - A Viet Nam Context, World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2011.. .

). In 2009, the government introduced a 12-year project to strengthen community-based disaster risk management (GFDRR, 2013b

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013b,Building Resilient Communities in Vietnam, Project Highlights. GFDRR. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. .

; Nguyen, 2011

Nguyen, Thi Puch Hoa. 2011,Disaster Risk Reduction - A Viet Nam Context, World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2011.. .

; AMDI, 2013

AMDI (Asian Management and Development Institute). 2013,Final Evaluation Report – Project: Joint partnership to support scale up of the National Community-based Disaster Risk Management Program in vulnerable provinces in Vietnam, Hanoi.. .

).

In the project, international agencies have worked in partnership with the Vietnamese government, enabling local communities to prepare for disasters and reduce risks more effectively. Training in local communities and including disaster reduction in the school curriculum have allowed vulnerable populations to develop preparedness strategies, while infrastructure such as rural roads and irrigation systems has improved their resilience (ADPC, 2008

ADPC (Asian Disaster Prevention Center). 2008,Monitoring and Reporting Progress on Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in Viet Nam, Partnerships for Disaster Reduction – South East Asia Phase 4. April.. .

; AMDI, 2013

).

A new CBDRM project is underway in Myanmar, where the population is exposed to cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis and storm surges. The Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction was introduced by the Government of Myanmar and is being implemented between 2013 and 2015 in partnership with a number of international and UN agencies (UNDP, 2013b

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2013b,Integrated Community-based Early Recovery Framework, Disaster Risk Reduction. UNDP Myanmar.. .

).

One of the main aims of the programme is to train 60,000 households in CBDRM by 2015. This will include increasing awareness of natural hazards within communities, first aid and early warning training, search and rescue training, and improving construction methods and standards in vulnerable rural areas (Government of Myanmar, 2012

Government of Myanmar. 2012,Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR), The Republic of The Union of Myanmar. Supported by ADPC.. .

; UNDP, 2013b

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2013b,Integrated Community-based Early Recovery Framework, Disaster Risk Reduction. UNDP Myanmar.. .

	163 a strong political imperative. As noted in GAR11, electorally critical, hazard-prone states are twice as likely to have disasters officially declared than non-critical states, and for each disaster declaration, a US President can expect a one-point increase in votes in a statewide contest (Reeves, 2010 x Reeves, Andrew. 2010,Political Disaster: Unilateral Powers, Electoral Incentives, and Presidential Disaster Declarations, The Journal of Politics, Vol. 73. No. 4 (October): 1142-1151.. . ). Conversely, the disastrous response to Hurricane Katrina generated negative political fallout for the city, state and federal administrations at the time. At the same time, preparedness represents a relatively natural and organic evolution from emergency response. With its focus on contingency plans and evacuation drills, logistics and stockpiles, trained and positioned search and rescue teams, hard-hats and uniforms, it is an extension of emergency response into the pre-disaster phase of the disaster management cycle. Preparedness is both manageable and feasible with the kind of governance arrangements that evolved from emergency management. Unlike corrective disaster risk management, preparedness does not require major investments. The resources required to prepare contingency plans, to train staff and students and to organize evacuation drills in the case of earthquake-exposedschools,forexample,areinfinitely smaller than what would be required to structurally retrofit the school to make it safe. Similarly, preparedness does not require the same investment of political capital as prospective disaster risk management, which would include ensuring safe, well-located land to build future schools. At the same time, and as noted above, preparedness was not only integrated into the HFA and its predecessor frameworks for disaster risk reduction, it was also supported by another set of international mechanisms created through UN General Assembly resolution 46/182. In general, these mechanisms have enjoyed stronger and more stable funding and support from donor governments than the more prospective aspects of the HFA. Importantly, the priority given to disaster preparedness builds on periodic and well-publicized Box 8.7 Community-based early warning and preparedness Every year, Viet Nam experiences storms, floods and other hazards which give rise to annual economic losses equivalent to 1-1.5 per cent of GDP (GFDRR, 2013b x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013b,Building Resilient Communities in Vietnam, Project Highlights. GFDRR. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. . ; Nguyen, 2011 x Nguyen, Thi Puch Hoa. 2011,Disaster Risk Reduction - A Viet Nam Context, World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2011.. . ). In 2009, the government introduced a 12-year project to strengthen community-based disaster risk management (GFDRR, 2013b x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013b,Building Resilient Communities in Vietnam, Project Highlights. GFDRR. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. . ; Nguyen, 2011 x Nguyen, Thi Puch Hoa. 2011,Disaster Risk Reduction - A Viet Nam Context, World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2011.. . ; AMDI, 2013 x AMDI (Asian Management and Development Institute). 2013,Final Evaluation Report – Project: Joint partnership to support scale up of the National Community-based Disaster Risk Management Program in vulnerable provinces in Vietnam, Hanoi.. . ). In the project, international agencies have worked in partnership with the Vietnamese government, enabling local communities to prepare for disasters and reduce risks more effectively. Training in local communities and including disaster reduction in the school curriculum have allowed vulnerable populations to develop preparedness strategies, while infrastructure such as rural roads and irrigation systems has improved their resilience (ADPC, 2008 x ADPC (Asian Disaster Prevention Center). 2008,Monitoring and Reporting Progress on Community-Based Disaster Risk Management in Viet Nam, Partnerships for Disaster Reduction – South East Asia Phase 4. April.. . ; AMDI, 2013 x AMDI (Asian Management and Development Institute). 2013,Final Evaluation Report – Project: Joint partnership to support scale up of the National Community-based Disaster Risk Management Program in vulnerable provinces in Vietnam, Hanoi.. . ). A new CBDRM project is underway in Myanmar, where the population is exposed to cyclones, earthquakes, tsunamis and storm surges. The Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction was introduced by the Government of Myanmar and is being implemented between 2013 and 2015 in partnership with a number of international and UN agencies (UNDP, 2013b x UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2013b,Integrated Community-based Early Recovery Framework, Disaster Risk Reduction. UNDP Myanmar.. . ). One of the main aims of the programme is to train 60,000 households in CBDRM by 2015. This will include increasing awareness of natural hazards within communities, first aid and early warning training, search and rescue training, and improving construction methods and standards in vulnerable rural areas (Government of Myanmar, 2012 x Government of Myanmar. 2012,Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR), The Republic of The Union of Myanmar. Supported by ADPC.. . ; UNDP, 2013b x UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2013b,Integrated Community-based Early Recovery Framework, Disaster Risk Reduction. UNDP Myanmar.. . ).	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 120 Page 130 Page 140 Page 150 Page 153 Page 154 Page 155 Page 156 Page 157 Page 158 Page 159 Page 160 Page 161 Page 162 Page 163 Page 164 ->Page 165 Page 166 Page 167 Page 168 Page 169 Page 170 Page 171 Page 172 Page 173 Page 174 Page 175 Page 176 Page 177 Page 180 Page 190 Page 200 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310