GAR 2015 Main Report

Part I - Chapter 3

Figure 3.11 Top 15 countries: Multi-hazard average annual loss in relation to social expenditure (excluding SIDS)

(Source: UNISDR with data from Global Risk Assessment and the World Bank.)

again highlights that those objectives cannot be achieved unless disaster risk is addressed.

A number of larger countries like Myanmar, Madagascar, Philippines and Honduras face particularly difficult challenges in this regard, as the AAL represents almost 55 per cent of social expenditure in Honduras, nearly 69 per cent in the Philippines, more than 80 per cent in Madagascar and 200 per cent in Myanmar (Figure 3.11). In Latin American countries like Ecuador, Guatemala and Peru, the AAL represents over 15 per cent of annual social expenditure.

3.3 Hazard-specific risk profiles

Different hazards can be seen to represent different risk layers and are therefore associated with various levels of frequency and impact. It is important to understand the implications of these different hazards and the way that they interrelate with drivers of vulnerability and exposure to create specific patterns of risk.

The AAL figures used for these estimates aggregate the expected annual losses from different hazards (Figure 3.12), which in turn represent different risk layers. For example, tsunamis are usually associated with very low-frequency but high-severity impacts, while tropical cyclones have a much higher frequency and usually medium to high severity of impact. Earthquakes are lower-frequency events that can cause greater losses, i.e. generate significant damage across large areas of a country, while floods are more

	64 Part I - Chapter 3 Figure 3.11 Top 15 countries: Multi-hazard average annual loss in relation to social expenditure (excluding SIDS) (Source: UNISDR with data from Global Risk Assessment and the World Bank.) again highlights that those objectives cannot be achieved unless disaster risk is addressed. A number of larger countries like Myanmar, Madagascar, Philippines and Honduras face particularly difficult challenges in this regard, as the AAL represents almost 55 per cent of social expenditure in Honduras, nearly 69 per cent in the Philippines, more than 80 per cent in Madagascar and 200 per cent in Myanmar (Figure 3.11). In Latin American countries like Ecuador, Guatemala and Peru, the AAL represents over 15 per cent of annual social expenditure. 3.3 Hazard-specific risk profiles Different hazards can be seen to represent different risk layers and are therefore associated with various levels of frequency and impact. It is important to understand the implications of these different hazards and the way that they interrelate with drivers of vulnerability and exposure to create specific patterns of risk. The AAL figures used for these estimates aggregate the expected annual losses from different hazards (Figure 3.12), which in turn represent different risk layers. For example, tsunamis are usually associated with very low-frequency but high-severity impacts, while tropical cyclones have a much higher frequency and usually medium to high severity of impact. Earthquakes are lower-frequency events that can cause greater losses, i.e. generate significant damage across large areas of a country, while floods are more	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 54 Page 55 Page 56 Page 57 Page 58 Page 59 Page 60 Page 61 Page 62 Page 63 Page 64 Page 65 ->Page 66 Page 67 Page 68 Page 69 Page 70 Page 71 Page 72 Page 73 Page 74 Page 75 Page 76 Page 77 Page 78 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 120 Page 130 Page 140 Page 150 Page 160 Page 170 Page 180 Page 190 Page 200 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310