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Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015
Making development sustainable: The future of disaster risk management |
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Part III
are still largely determined by GDP per capita, the rate of GDP growth, credit ratings and shortterm return on capital rather than measures of sustainability and equity. The development paradigm continues to be based fundamentally on economic growth and is characterized by contradictions and unsustainable qualities, including the overconsumption of natural capital and the production of inequality.
Over the last quarter of a century, the global economy has doubled in size, an estimated 60 per cent of the world’s ecosystems have been degraded and the benefits of growth have been distributed unevenly: the bottom half of the world’s population now shares just 1 per cent of global wealth. Even in high-income countries, huge gaps in wealth and well-being persist between rich and poor. As these trends evolve, the political and social consensus on the benefits of development is being replaced by growing uncertainty and unease, including concerns about increasing disaster risk.
Increasing exposure of economic assets
Global GDP per capita increased by 122 per cent between 1990 and 2010.3 As the economy becomes more global, investment tends to flow to locations offering comparative advantages for capital accumulation, including low labour costs, access to export markets, infrastructure, stability and other factors. As highlighted in GAR13 (UNISDR, 2013a
UNISDR. 2013a,Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: From Shared Risk to Shared Value: the Business Case for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. . Growing risk inequality
The concentration of capital generates social and territorial inequalities. The richest 2 per cent of the world’s adult population now own over 50 per cent of global wealth (Davies et al., 2012
Davies, James, Rodrigo Lluberas and Anthony F. Shorrocks. 2012,Measuring the Global Distribution of Wealth, 2012 OECD World Forum New Delhi. 17 October 2012.. . Credit Suisse. 2013,Global Wealth Report 2013, October 2013. Zurich: Credit Suisse Research Institute.. . Davies, James, Rodrigo Lluberas and Anthony F. Shorrocks. 2012,Measuring the Global Distribution of Wealth, 2012 OECD World Forum New Delhi. 17 October 2012.. . Segregated urban development
Urbanization mirrors economic growth. Urban growth per se can concentrate risk when it occurs in hazard-exposed locations. However, in most low and middle-income countries it is also usually characterized by unequal access to urban space, infrastructure, services and security, as speculative urban capital is invested in modern enclaves while the low-income majority has access only to informal or sub-standard urbanization. Globally, about one in seven people live in overcrowded, low-quality housing conditions with inadequate access to services (Mitlin and Satterthwaite, 2013
Mitlin, Diana and David Satterthwaite. 2013,Urban Poverty in the Global South, Scale and Nature. USA and Canada: Routledge Publishing.. . Climate change
Economic growth requires increasing energy
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