GAR 2015 Main Report

192

Part III - Chapter 9

chars in northwest Bangladesh (GFDRR, 2013c

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013c,Bangladesh’s Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP), Case Study. June 2013. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. .

; Conroy et al., 2010

Conroy, K., A.R. Goodman and S. Kenward. 2010,Lessons from the Chars Livelihoods Programme, Bangladesh (2004-2010), Paper presented to: Ten Years of ‘War Against Poverty’: What Have We Learned Since 2000 & What Should We Do 2010-2020? CPRC International Conference, 8-10 September 2010. Government of Bangladesh and UKAID.. .

). The combination of intensive and targeted welfare support and economic development at the individual, household and community level has produced real reductions in vulnerability ( GAR 13 paper

GFDRR, 2014d

GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014d,Building Social Resilience of the Poor: Protecting and Empowering Those Most at Risk, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR..
Click here to view this GAR paper.

; Conroy et al., 2010

However, social protection has generally been used more as a buffer for disaster losses than as a tool for prospective disaster risk management (Newsham et al., 2011

Newsham, Andrew, Mark Davies and Christophe Béné. 2011,Making Social Protection Work for Pro-Poor Disaster risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 March 2011. Background Paper.. .

). For example, a number of community-driven development initiatives aimed at reducing poverty and vulnerability have successfully reduced disaster risks without originally intending to do so (World Bank, 2006

World Bank. 2006,Hazards of Nature, Risks to Development, An IEG Evaluation of World Bank Assistance for Natural Disasters. Independent Evaluation Group. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. .

); this was mostly achieved by strengthening resilience using the network and infrastructure available during emergencies ( GAR 13 paper

GFDRR, 2014d

One area of social protection in which adequate progress has not been made is the protection and involvement of people with disabilities. Disaster risk reduction programmes that target people with disabilities remain the exception, for example in the education sector, where disaster risk reduction may be taught to children in schools where most children with disabilities are not enrolled.10

More recent efforts to understand and address disability in the context of disasters and disaster risk management have made reference to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with

Disabilities, which highlights that States shall “ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk […] and the occurrence of natural disasters”.11 This premise has informed recent efforts to address the fact that persons with disabilities as well as the elderly remain at high risk in disaster situations and to let persons with disabilities contribute to disaster risk reduction efforts.

9.4 Strengthening social and

economic resilience through

financial risk-sharing mechanisms

Risk financing is an area where significant progress has been made. While this area has attracted growing interest from governments, the private sector and international organizations, the ability of standard instruments to ensure the welfare of all remains limited in many countries.

Under Priority for Action 4, the HFA also recognized the role that could be played by financial risk-sharing mechanisms, although this was not explicitly linked to inequality and vulnerability (Box 9.4).

Unfortunately, these key activities are not reflected in the HFA’s core indicator for social protection, nor in any of the other core indicators under Priority for Action 4. However, given the clear link between financial protection and resilience, these activities will be discussed in this chapter.

Box 9.4 Key activities related to financial risk sharing in the HFA

(k) Promote the development of financial risk-sharing mechanisms, particularly insurance and reinsurance against disasters.

(m) Develop and promote alternative and innovative financial instruments for addressing disaster risk.

	192 Part III - Chapter 9 chars in northwest Bangladesh (GFDRR, 2013c x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2013c,Bangladesh’s Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP), Case Study. June 2013. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.. . ; Conroy et al., 2010 x Conroy, K., A.R. Goodman and S. Kenward. 2010,Lessons from the Chars Livelihoods Programme, Bangladesh (2004-2010), Paper presented to: Ten Years of ‘War Against Poverty’: What Have We Learned Since 2000 & What Should We Do 2010-2020? CPRC International Conference, 8-10 September 2010. Government of Bangladesh and UKAID.. . ). The combination of intensive and targeted welfare support and economic development at the individual, household and community level has produced real reductions in vulnerability (GFDRR, 2014d x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014d,Building Social Resilience of the Poor: Protecting and Empowering Those Most at Risk, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ; Conroy et al., 2010 x Conroy, K., A.R. Goodman and S. Kenward. 2010,Lessons from the Chars Livelihoods Programme, Bangladesh (2004-2010), Paper presented to: Ten Years of ‘War Against Poverty’: What Have We Learned Since 2000 & What Should We Do 2010-2020? CPRC International Conference, 8-10 September 2010. Government of Bangladesh and UKAID.. . ). However, social protection has generally been used more as a buffer for disaster losses than as a tool for prospective disaster risk management (Newsham et al., 2011 x Newsham, Andrew, Mark Davies and Christophe Béné. 2011,Making Social Protection Work for Pro-Poor Disaster risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 14-17 March 2011. Background Paper.. . ). For example, a number of community-driven development initiatives aimed at reducing poverty and vulnerability have successfully reduced disaster risks without originally intending to do so (World Bank, 2006 x World Bank. 2006,Hazards of Nature, Risks to Development, An IEG Evaluation of World Bank Assistance for Natural Disasters. Independent Evaluation Group. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. . ); this was mostly achieved by strengthening resilience using the network and infrastructure available during emergencies (GFDRR, 2014d x GFDRR (Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery). 2014d,Building Social Resilience of the Poor: Protecting and Empowering Those Most at Risk, Background Paper prepared for the 2015 Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR.. Click here to view this GAR paper. ). One area of social protection in which adequate progress has not been made is the protection and involvement of people with disabilities. Disaster risk reduction programmes that target people with disabilities remain the exception, for example in the education sector, where disaster risk reduction may be taught to children in schools where most children with disabilities are not enrolled.10 More recent efforts to understand and address disability in the context of disasters and disaster risk management have made reference to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which highlights that States shall “ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk […] and the occurrence of natural disasters”.11 This premise has informed recent efforts to address the fact that persons with disabilities as well as the elderly remain at high risk in disaster situations and to let persons with disabilities contribute to disaster risk reduction efforts. 9.4 Strengthening social and economic resilience through financial risk-sharing mechanisms Risk financing is an area where significant progress has been made. While this area has attracted growing interest from governments, the private sector and international organizations, the ability of standard instruments to ensure the welfare of all remains limited in many countries. Under Priority for Action 4, the HFA also recognized the role that could be played by financial risk-sharing mechanisms, although this was not explicitly linked to inequality and vulnerability (Box 9.4). Unfortunately, these key activities are not reflected in the HFA’s core indicator for social protection, nor in any of the other core indicators under Priority for Action 4. However, given the clear link between financial protection and resilience, these activities will be discussed in this chapter. Box 9.4 Key activities related to financial risk sharing in the HFA (k) Promote the development of financial risk-sharing mechanisms, particularly insurance and reinsurance against disasters. (m) Develop and promote alternative and innovative financial instruments for addressing disaster risk.	Page 1 Page 10 Page 20 Page 30 Page 40 Page 50 Page 60 Page 70 Page 80 Page 90 Page 100 Page 110 Page 120 Page 130 Page 140 Page 150 Page 160 Page 170 Page 180 Page 182 Page 183 Page 184 Page 185 Page 186 Page 187 Page 188 Page 189 Page 190 Page 191 Page 192 Page 193 ->Page 194 Page 195 Page 196 Page 197 Page 198 Page 199 Page 200 Page 201 Page 202 Page 203 Page 204 Page 205 Page 206 Page 210 Page 220 Page 230 Page 240 Page 250 Page 260 Page 270 Page 280 Page 290 Page 300 Page 310